摘要 :
1. Material handling: high electrification, LABs are used 2. Standard lUla charge regime leads to a. low efficiency (75 %), higher costs b. high temperatures => long cooling time (more batteries) 3. PSOC charge protocol (eliminati...
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1. Material handling: high electrification, LABs are used 2. Standard lUla charge regime leads to a. low efficiency (75 %), higher costs b. high temperatures => long cooling time (more batteries) 3. PSOC charge protocol (elimination of post charge phase Ua) leads to a. higher efficiency (87 %), lower costs (16 % @ 0.25 €/kWh grid), b. lower temperatures ⇒ shorter cooling time (fewer batteries), use of larger batteries possible But partially lower lifetime, sulfation is observed ⇒ Adapted operation strategies are necessary: active electrolyte circulation (pulsed pump operation), regeneration cycles with IU (U ≈ 2.4 V), ≥ 24 h.
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摘要 :
1. STANDARD INDUSTRIAL BATTERY MARKET AND APPLICATIONS a. Motive Power b. Stationary 2. NEW REQUIREMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL BATTERIES 3. FIELDS OF IMPROVEMENTS FOR BATTERIES a. Ways to improve PbA b. Ways to improve LIB 4. NEW APPLICA...
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1. STANDARD INDUSTRIAL BATTERY MARKET AND APPLICATIONS a. Motive Power b. Stationary 2. NEW REQUIREMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL BATTERIES 3. FIELDS OF IMPROVEMENTS FOR BATTERIES a. Ways to improve PbA b. Ways to improve LIB 4. NEW APPLICATIONS a. ESS Hybrid System b. Rail Traction Application 5. PROSPECTS.
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